ABSTRACT
Mycotoxigenic fungi and their associated mycotoxins remain a significant threat to growers, consumers, and food regulators. They damage the quality of agricultural crop commodities and impact negatively on food safety. The aim of the study was to determine the occurrence of Penicillium fungi and two mycotoxins in of maize and sorghum in Niger. Sixty-four (64) composite samples (CS) of different varieties of maize and sorghum were collected from stores and markets located in four microclimatic zones of Niger state. Standard procedure was used to isolate Penicillium spp. Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) were extracted and quantified by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) respectively. The risk assessment as a result of consumption was also determined. The fungi isolate from the samples were: P. verrucosom, P. griseofulvum and P. chrysogenum. The occurrence of Penicillium spp is highest in market maize samples (15.8 %) from wet zone and store samples in dry zone while sorghum had the highest prevalence (16.7 %) in stores sample from driest zone. The OTA was detected in 89.1 % of both maize and sorghum samples at level of 1.799– 75.462 μg/Kg and 0.297 – 49.344 μg/Kg respectively. The CPA was detected in 45.3 % of both maize and sorghum samples at levels of 1.002 – 419.248 μg/Kg and 0.205 – 79.981 μg/Kg respectively. The contamination of the samples collected with OTA had the highest concentration in yellow maize collected from Magama market with 75.462 μg/Kg while the lowest concentration was found in white sorghum collected in Suleja store with the concentration of 0.297 μg/Kg. The co-occurrence of OTA and CPA was high in Magama store with 75.0 % and lowest in Bosso market with 25.0 %. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) for male was 0.021 - 0.111 μg/Kg and was 0.020 - 0.423 μg/Kg for female and the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) for OTA was 0.014 μg/Kg. there is a health risk to consumers of maize and sorghum due to the contamination of the samples with OTA and CPA in these study areas. Hence, this study advise that consumers of maize and sorghum should ensure proper cooking to reduce the health risk posed by these contaminants.
BACKGROUND TO STUDY
A director is a person duly appointed by the company to direct and manage the business of the compan...
ABSTRACT
. The technical document is an entity that consists of several essential and interconnected parts, often referred to as modaliti...
ABSTRACT
Environment pollution of different dimension has caused a lot of havocs to the health and wealth of some Nigerians. To this end,...
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Academics and practitioners have been striving to establish and agreed upon definitions of the c...
ABSTRACT
The stock market is a common feature of...
Traditional medicine is considered to be culturally acceptable, less harmful, and a more natural form of medicine that is suitable with the hu...
Abstract
This research work was conducted to examine the psychological effects of inter ethnic conflicts on social health workers in Nige...
EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY
Historically, African states had regarded each other’s sovereignty as sacrosanct as enshrin...
ABSTRACT
This study presents an Application of Bat Algorithm-Based Method (BA) forMultiObjective Optimal Network Reconfiguration andDistr...
Introduction
An intrusion detection system (IDS) analyses network traffic for unusual behaviour and alerts the system or...